Sustainable development of water resources: Starting from agricultural water use, alleviating the contradiction between supply and demand

It is said that "China feeds 21% of its population with 6% of freshwater resources and 9% of arable land." How to improve agricultural water efficiency and alleviate the increasingly acute contradiction between water supply and demand It has always been an urgent problem to be solved. As a traditional agricultural country, agriculture has always been a large user of water and an important source of water waste, especially in terms of irrigation water. In our country, the agricultural irrigation method of "earth canal water delivery and flood irrigation" is still widely used. Farmland irrigation water is effective. The utilization factor is low.

The "nose" that holds the key to agricultural water conservation: Comprehensive reform of agricultural water prices

Effective utilization rate of agricultural water in my country It is low, which also reflects that there is still a lot of room for development of water-saving agriculture in my country. It is related to the sustainable development of agriculture and national water security, and it is urgent to promote the comprehensive reform of agricultural water prices and establish and improve the formation mechanism of agricultural water prices.

In 2017, the National Development and Reform Commission and other five departments jointly issued the "Notice on Solidly Promoting Agricultural Water Price Reform". In 2018, the National Development and Reform Commission and other four departments jointly issued the "Notice on Increasing Agricultural Water Price Reform". Notice on Efforts to Promote Comprehensive Reform of Agricultural Water Prices" requires that the role of typical models be fully utilized and the scope of reform implementation be further expanded.

The main reform content includes: different regions have different water prices; different uses have different water prices; there are steps for water price advancement, and exploration and implementation of a two-part water price and seasonal water price system are based on local conditions; agricultural quotas, quotas The price increase for internal water use will be subsidized by the finance; agricultural water use entities will be divided, and irrigation water quota indicators will be broken down into various water use entities.

The provinces that meet the conditions will be promoted throughout the province. Beijing, Shanghai, Jiangsu, Zhejiang and other provinces with relatively developed economies, better engineering foundations, and strong public awareness of water commodities will be promoted in the provinces. The province (city) comprehensively promotes reform and strives to complete the reform tasks before the end of 2020. Starting from 2020, the state will implement charges for agricultural water use across the country.The principle of "one pump, one meter, one household, one card, pay first, then use water" is adopted. If you use less water, you will get subsidies, and if you use more water, you will be charged extra.

Promote the sustainable development of agricultural water resources: rural domestic sewage treatment

Promote the comprehensive reform of agricultural water prices and improve it through comprehensive means Agricultural water efficiency, reducing the total amount and intensity of agricultural water use, alleviating my country's water stress situation, and ensuring national water security. In addition, we cannot ignore another important link in the sustainable development of agricultural water resources: rural domestic sewage treatment.

At present, domestic sewage treatment in rural areas has not yet formed a complete system, and domestic sewage is discharged relatively randomly. Untreated sewage flowing through surface water bodies such as lakes and ponds will further pollute other water sources and threaten the sustainable development of agricultural water resources. At the same time, it is also very easy to cause the prevalence and spread of pollution diseases, zoonotic diseases and endemic diseases in various areas, endangering human health.

Recently, nine departments including the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, the Ministry of Ecology and Environment, and the Ministry of Water Resources jointly issued the "Guiding Opinions on Promoting Rural Domestic Sewage Treatment", which follows local conditions and focuses on practical results; Difficult, step-by-step promotion; government leadership, social participation; the principle of ecological-based and green development, based on rural reality, guided by sewage reduction, classified on-site treatment, and recycling, requiring that by 2020, the eastern region, central and western regions In areas with good foundation and conditions, such as urban suburbs, the domestic sewage treatment rate in rural areas has been significantly improved, cross-flow and random discharge of sewage in villages have been basically eliminated, and an operation and maintenance mechanism has been basically established; the central and western regions have a better foundation and basically have the necessary conditions. In areas with favorable conditions, the indiscriminate discharge of domestic sewage in rural areas has been effectively controlled and initial results have been achieved; in remote and economically underdeveloped areas, the phenomenon of indiscriminate discharge of domestic sewage in rural areas has been significantly reduced.

It is reported that the "Water Pollutant Discharge Standards for Rural Domestic Sewage Treatment Facilities" issued by the Tianjin Municipal Ecological Environment Bureau in conjunction with the Municipal Market Supervision Committee has begun to be officially implemented in Tianjin. On the one hand, the quality of water discharged into functional water bodies is strictly controlled, on the other hand, the requirements for water discharged into water bodies not specified in other functional zones are relaxed, and ecological treatment and tailwater utilization are encouraged. Realize the operation of rural domestic sewage treatment facilities, improve the quality of rural living environment and water environment, and promote the sustainable development of water resources.

　Some sources of information: Ministry of Water Resources website, Tianjin Daily

　(Original title: Sustainable development of water resources: Starting from agricultural water use, alleviating the contradiction between supply and demand )